禅让与世袭的互动及其对中国古代王朝更迭的作用

The Intercourse of Abdication and Hereditary Systems and its Effect on the Dynastic Alternation of Chinese Ancient Times

禅让与世袭是我国古代社会政权传承的主要形式。世袭制对原始禅让的取代,是历史发展的必然。建立在亲亲原则基础上的世袭制,由于摒弃尚贤原则,使封建王朝的发展缺乏持久的智力支持与保证,成为中国封建时代自身无法解决的政权频繁更迭的深层原因。王莽禅汉,复活了禅让制度,创立了王权专制制度下政权更迭的禅让新制,让尚贤原则得到一定程度的恢复。禅让为集权制世袭王朝开辟道路,集权制世袭王朝借助禅让除旧布新而获得不断的存续。

The abdication and Hereditary systems are the main ways of the dynastic alternation of Chinese ancient times. The abdication＇ s being replaced by hereditary systems is historically inevitable.Owing to the discarding of the worship of the talented, the hereditary system built on the realtive principle made the feudal dynasties lose intelligence support and guarantee. And this is an in-depth reason why the frequent power change could not be solved by itself in the Chinese ancient times. Wang Mang abdicated his throre to Han, hence the revival of the hereditay system.He set up a new system of abdication for the power change under the imperial autocracy, and restored the rule of worship of the talented. The centralized heredictary dynasties could survive and develop by the aid of the system of abdication.