北宋官营牧羊业初探

A Study on Official Sheep Husbandry in the North Song Dynasty

北宋官营牧羊业取得了重大发展。牧羊业主要集中在北方,以开封府界、河北、陕西路为主。官牧羊采取放牧与舍饲相结合的饲养方式。官营牧羊业不仅为政府提供了丰富的肉食,为皮毛加工业提供了必要的原料,还是官员俸禄的重要组成部分。羊及其副产品在社会生活中的广泛运用,正是北宋官营牧羊业发达的重要表现,客观上也促进了牧羊业的迅速发展。巨大的社会需求以及宋政府的主观努力,在一定程度上弥补了因自然地理条件不利而造成的"官羊不兴"的缺憾。

The North Song Dynasty was an important period during which official sheep husbandry was greatly developed. There were lots of official sheep in the north, especially in Kaifeng, Hebei and Shanxi Roads. Official sheep were raised and tended by the breeders. Official sheep not only provided mutton and raw material for industry,but also was source of the wages for the government officials. Official sheep and their non-staple foodstuffs were largely used in life,which showed their prosperity. With the attachment to the government, official sheep developed very quickly. Their efforts made up official sheep deficiencies which the climate and environment caused to some extent.