论政府违约责任的法域归属

On the Jurisdictional Affiliation of Government Liability for Breach of Contract

政府违约责任兼具权力因素和契约精神,从而决定了其特殊性。一些民法学者认为根据现有规定政府违约责任适用《合同法》,所以其性质理应为民事责任;而行政法学者却认为政府作为最为重要的行政主体,其所从事的经济活动及由此引起的违约责任也当然是行政责任。以上两种说法都只看到了问题的一个方面,忽视了政府违约责任所具有的公私兼容的性质,都没有反映问题的实质。只有体现公私交融性的经济法才能为政府违约责任提供正确的法域归属,政府违约责任的经济法属性是其制度构建的基础和前提。

Government liability for breach of contract has both hierarchical factors and the contracted spirit, which determines its peculiarity. Some civil law scholars believe that, according to the existing regulations, government liability for breach of contract applies to Contract Law and its nature should be civil liability; while administrative law scholars hold that government acts as the most important administrative subject and its liability for breach of contract in economic activities naturally belongs to the administrative. Neither of them is more reasonable in that they have overlooked the dual quality of the behavior. Only an economic law combining privateness with publicness can provide a correct jurisdictional affiliation.