泰语中的英语源意译词初探

A Study of Words of Semantic Translation of English Origin in Thai

19世纪末20世纪初,在社会要素和语言要素的共同作用下,泰语译借英语外来词的方式从音译占绝对优势转为对意译方式有组织有目的的倾斜。意译词的构成原则是在本族词与梵巴词、达意与普适、统一与分离之间寻找最佳的契合点,以使意译词获得长久的生命力。目前意译词是泰语新词新语的重要来源,它不但丰富了泰语的词汇系统,还加速了泰语词语多音节化的趋势,扩大了固有语素的语义范围,使部分名词出现语法功能和形态标记的统一。

Into the 20th century, due to both social and linguistic influences, the borrowing of English words by Thai had changed from predominantly transliteration to semantic translation. The guiding principle of semantic translation is to find a proper balance between native words and Sanskrit-Pali words, expressiveness and universality, uniformity and individuality, in order that the newly introduced words can remain in the language. Semantic translation is at present an important source of new words in Thai, which has not only enriched the lexical system of the Thai language, but also speeded up the trend of multi-syUabieity, expanded the semantic range of the native morphemes, and assisted in the consistecy of morphological markings with grammatical functions in some nouns.