山莓叶抑菌活性物质的提取、抑菌效果及其化学成分初步研究

Preliminary research on extraction, antibiotic effect and chemical constituents of rubus corchorifolius leaves extract

采用80%乙醇、水、石油醚3种不同溶剂提取山莓叶中抑菌活性成分,通过抑菌实验结果表明:山莓叶提取物中,其中80%乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾志贺氏菌均具有较强的抑制作用,水提取物抑菌作用较弱,石油醚提取物无明显抑菌作用;其中三种提取物对酵母的抑制作用均较弱;80%乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾志贺氏菌、大肠杆菌和酵母的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为6.25～12.5mg/mL;80%乙醇提物经30、50、80℃的温度各处理2h,121℃下处理20min;光照6～18h,pH5～7仍具有很好的抑菌效果;系统预试实验初步表明:山莓叶乙醇提取物中主要含有多糖及其甙类、鞣质、黄酮类、酚类物、强心甙、有机酸以及香豆素、甾体、萜类等成分。

Active constituents in Rubus corchorifolius leaves were extracted by three different solvent which were 80% ethanol, water and petrolic ether, and the bacteriostasis was studied. The result showed that： 80% ethanol extraction of Rubus corchorifolius leaves had stronger bacteriostasis on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteroae, but water extraction had weak bacteriostasis and petro-licether extraction had no bacteriostasis. In addition, extracted antibacterial substance had showed bacteriostasis on Penicilliumsp and Saccarom-yces cerevisiae, but the effects were not obvious. Fungicidal activities active principle need more study. The lowest concentration of ethanol extraction of Rubus corchorifolius leaves was 6.25-12.5 mg/mL, Antibacterial substance had good stability when treat at 30, 50, 80 ℃ for 2 h, 121 ℃ for 20 min, light at 6-18 h and pH5-7; test pre-experiment of chemical components show that： it main component are polysaccharides and glucoside, tannin, flavonoids, phenols, cardiac, glycocides, organic aacid, cumarin, steroid anti terpenoid etc.in the ethanol extract of Rubus corchorifoliu.