“没”和句尾“了”共现的句法条件和语义特征

Syntactic Requirement and Semantic Features of the Co-occurrence of "Mei(没)" and the Sentential Particle "Le(了)"

"没"用作副词表示"未然",一般不能与表示"已然"的"了"同在一个句子里,但在一些句子里它确实可以和句尾"了"共现。本文分析认为这些句子的谓语动词前都有"再"或隐含了"再"。"再"表示一个动作过去发生过、将来还要发生但是现在未发生,"没+再"表示一个否定的状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,与当前状态相关,所以可以跟句尾"了"共现。另外,"再"表示动作的重复,所以谓语动词是否能重复决定了这类句子的可接受性。

Generally speaking,the co - occurrence of the adverb＂ mei （没） ＂（ with the meaning ＂unfinished＂ ） and the sentential particle＂ le（ 了 ） ＂（with the meaning ＂finished＂） in one sentence is not aeceptable; nevertheless, there are some sentences in which this is fully acceptable. In such a case, as shown by our analysis, the adverb＂ zai （再）＂ must precede predicate verbs or there should be an implication of it. The adverb＂ zai（再） ＂means that the verbal action has taken place in the past and will take place in the future again but until now has not;a combination of ＂mei（没） ＂and ＂zai（再.） ＂ demonstrates that an negative state which has begun in the past continues until now and relates to the present state, so the adverb ＂mei （没） ＂can co - occur with the sentential particle＂ le （ 了） ＂. In addition,＂ zai （再） ＂can indicate iteration of verbal action, therefore the acceptability of this kind of a sentence is determined by the possible iteration of a predicate verb.