缺水地区经济发展中的水资源管理研究——以石羊河流域为例

Study on Water Resources Management in Economic Development in the Water-shortage Regions——A Case Study in the Shiyang River Basin

以石羊河流域为例,依据流域社会经济-水资源-生态复合系统的现状和存在的突出矛盾,分析了流域缺水的严重性,提出了缺水地区经济发展的水资源管理。首先要协调好流域经济社会-水资源-生态与环境的关系,遵循缺水地区经济发展规律、内陆河流域水循环规律和干旱区生态规律,拟定了作为缺水地区的内陆河流域经济发展的水资源管理6项原则,强化水资源统一管理,实施流域水资源定量分配方案、明晰水权、合理开发利用有限的水资源、保障生态用水,并采取保护水源、加强管理、优化节水和增辟水源等措施,才能使石羊河流域走出缺水地区的经济发展道路。

The Shiyang River Basin is one of the continental drainage basins in the Hexi Corridor in northwest China, where there are some typical issues, such as the most population, highest level of exploitation and utilization of water resources, biggest contradiction between water supply and demand and serious ecological and environmental problems. With population growth and economic development in the Shiyang River Basin, water resources have been already overexploited so that the water consumption for economic purposes infringes on ecological water supply, and the ecological environment in the drainage basin is continuously degenerated with each passing day. Such situation impacts negatively the local sustainable social and economic development. In this paper, the serious shortage of water resources in the Shiyang River Basin is analyzed based on considering the actuality and the existing serious water supply-demand contradiction in the complex system of society--economy--water resources--ecology in the drainage basin. Some measures are put forward for rational management of water resources, they are to harmonize the relations between the system of the society--economy--water resources--ecology and the environment, follow the laws of economic development in the water-shortage regions, water cycle laws in continental drainage basins and ecological conditions, etc. Moreover, six principles are suggested for managing water resources in the water-shortage regions in arid areas.