大斑芫菁和棉蝗间的发育同步性研究

Study on development synchronization of Mylabris phalerata(Pallas)(Coleoptera:Meloidae) and Chondracris rosea rosea(De Geer)(Orthoptera:Acridiidae)

寄生物和寄主的发育关联研究已有很多报道,而人们对捕食者与猎物的同步发育关系却知之甚少。本文研究了大斑芫菁Mylabris phalerata及其猎物棉蝗Chondracris rosear osea在18℃、22℃、25℃、28℃、31℃和34℃恒温下的发育特性及发育同步性。大斑芫菁幼虫(除5龄外)发育起点温度均低于10℃,而棉蝗每个阶段的发育起点温度都高于10℃。大斑芫菁5龄幼虫的有效积温为440.53日度,低于棉蝗卵的462.96日度,并且大斑芫菁1～4龄幼虫的有效积温均少于1～4龄蝗蝻。大斑芫菁成虫出现、卵孵化和幼虫滞育解除日期与棉蝗产卵和卵孵化日期,显示大斑芫菁的发育和棉蝗的发育具有季节同步性,而且大斑芫菁的滞育同步化了大斑芫菁和棉蝗的发育。

Studies were conducted at temperatures ranging from 18℃ to 34℃ to determine difference in development characteristics between Mylabris phalerata （Pallas） （ Coleoptera ： Meloidae） and its prey, Chondracris rosea rosea （De Geer） （Orthoptera： Acridiidae）. Development synchronization of M. phalerata, C. rosea rosea was determined. Lower threshold temperatures for each stage of M. phalerata were lower than 10℃, except 5th instar larvae （ L5） , while they were higher than 10℃ in C. rosea rosea. The degree-days for development of eggs of C. rosea rosea was 462.96 degree-days, higher than L5 of M. phalerata 440.53 degree-days. The degree-days for development of L1 - L4 of M. phalerata was lower than nymph N1 - N4 of C. rosea rosea. Dates were observed on appearance of adults of M. phalerata and cowpea flowering and fruited legume, on eggs hatching of M. phalerata and adults of C. rosea rosea laying eggs, and on diapause termination of M. phalerata and eggs hatching of C. rosea rosea. These suggested that development of M. phalerata was seasonal synchronizing with the development of C. rosea rosea, and diapause of M. phalerata synchronized the development of M. phalerata and C. rosea rosea.