滇西北农村生活能源使用现状及生物质能源开发利用研究——以兰坪县和香格里拉县为例

Studies on Current Rural Energy Resources Utilization and Bio-energy Development in Northwest Yunnan——The Case Study on Lanping and Shangri-La Counties

少数民族地区农村能源建设是中国能源可持续发展的一个特殊领域,是资源节约型社会和社会主义新农村建设的重要内容。论文以滇西北的兰坪县和香格里拉县的能源使用情况作为研究对象,通过实地调查,分析了在经济仍处于贫困状态的少数民族聚居的西南山区生活能源利用的特点:兰坪县和香格里拉薪柴的使用分别达85%和98%,而以太阳能、沼气、水能为代表的可再生能源的使用仅有7.0%和1.8%,由此产生了一系列的环境问题。论文对促进现代生物质能源的开发利用提出建议:制定农村能源资源开发利用规划,健全能源政策体系,争取国际经济和技术支持等。

The construction of rural energy resources in minority regions is a special field of Chinese energy sustainable development. It is an important part of construction of resources-economical society and the socialist new countryside. Based on the investigation of energy consumption in Lanping and Shangri-La counties, this paper analyzed the characters and problems of the energy consumption in poverty-stricken minority areas of southwestern mountain region. The domestic energy consumption per capita of Lanping and Shangri-La is 512 kgce and 879 kgee, respectively, much lower than the average of the world. The structure is also irrational, the percentage of firewood utilization in Lanping and Shangri-La is 85% and 98%. The utilization of renewable energy, e. g. solar energy,biogas and hydropower is 7.0% and 1.8% ,respectively. The result is a series of ecological and environmental problems. Some pieces of advice on the exploitation and utilization of modern hio-energy are given：enforcing energy policy, making plans of exploitation and utilization of rural energy resource and seeking financial and technical support from developed countries, etc.