62个小麦品种基于EST-SSR标记的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of 62 Common Wheat Cultivars Using EST-SSR Markers

为了解从匈牙利、捷克引进的39个欧洲小麦品种的遗传多样性，以23个中国黄淮冬麦区小麦品种为对照，利用55个多态性EST-SSR标记检测参试材料的遗传多态性。结果表明，55个标记在62个小麦品种中检测到213条差异带，能够将所有品种区分开来；单个引物扩增差异带数目为1-9条，平均为3.87条；多态性信息指数（PIC）为0-0.87，平均为0.53；品种间遗传相似系数为0.48-0.94，平均为0.70。引进品种平均等位变异数高于国内品种，而相似系数却低于国内品种，表明引进品种遗传变异基础大于本研究中的国内品种。聚类分析在相似系数0.69处将62个品种聚为两类，第Ⅰ类包含匈牙利的2个品种，其他60个品种聚为第Ⅱ类。第Ⅱ类又分为四个亚类，其中，第一（Ⅱ-1）和第三亚类（Ⅱ-3）包含了引进和国内品种，而第二亚类（Ⅱ-2）全部为国内品种，第四亚类（Ⅱ-4）全部为引进的品种。

In order to gain knowledge of genetic diversity of European introduced wheat varieties,which among 19 from Czechic and 20 from Hungary,polymorphic EST-SSR markers developed in our laboratory were employed,and 23 varieties planted in Huanghuai winter wheat region were used as the control.A set of 55 EST-SSR markers were screened and a total of 213 allelic variants were detected in 62 wheat varieties,with the range of 1 to 9 alleles per marker and average of 3.87.The PIC（Polymorphism information contents,PIC） for each polymorphic primer set varied from 0 to 0.87,with an average of 0.53.The genetic similarity coefficient（GS） among 62 cultivars was 0.70 average and varied from 0.48 to 0.84.Introduced cultivars were higher than controls in ＇mean of alleles＇,but lower in GS,suggesting that introduced cultivars possessed a broader genetic variation.Based on 0.69 of GS,62 cultivars were clustered into two groups.Group Ⅰ consists of two Hungary cultivars,and group Ⅱ includes the others,which could be clustered into four sub-groups.The Sub-group Ⅱ-1 and Ⅱ-3 cover both introduced cultivars and control cultivars,while the subgroup Ⅱ-2 includes only control cultivars and Ⅱ-4 contains introduced ones.