新疆杂草黑麦居群遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity of Secale cereale subsp.Segetale Populations in Xinjiang

为了更深入地了解新疆杂草黑麦(Secale cerealesubsp. Segetale)居群的遗传结构和差异,对采集自新疆的10个新疆杂草黑麦居群共计300个单株的5个形态学性状即穗长、穗宽、穗轴第一节间长、小穗数和小花数进行了考察和统计分析。结果表明,各居群均在穗轴第一节间长性状上表现出最大变异(CV=12.76%),在小穗数上表现出最小变异(CV=9.19%)。以Shannon-Weaver信息指数计算的遗传多样性指数表明,新疆杂草黑麦居群在形态学上具有丰富的遗传多样性(H′=1.9758)。在遗传多样性的分布上,居群间虽存在一定程度的遗传变异(2.96%),但遗传多样性主要集中在居群内部(97.04%),这种居群内遗传变异大于居群间遗传变异的特性是由该类黑麦居群异花、风媒传粉的外繁育系统所决定的。形态聚类分析表明,居群间遗传距离与居群间地理距离没有相关性。本文还探讨了新疆杂草黑麦居群的保护和利用。

The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic variation and structure of Secale cereale subsp.Segetale populations were collected from Xinjiang province,China.Ten populations of S.cereale subsp.Segetale had been used to assess the genetic diversity based on morphological characters.The results showed that the variation of rachis internode length was maximum（CV = 12.76%）,the minimal variation was appeared in the spike number（CV =9.19%）.The diversity index indicated there was an abundant genetic diversity（H＇=1.9758） in morphological characters of these populations.As for the distribution pattern of genetic diversity,the genetic variation within populations（97.04%） was greater than that among populations（2.96%）.Genetic distance and dendrogram indicated that the genetic distance among populations were unrelated with their eco-geographical situations.Additionally,effective utilization of S.cereale subsp.Segetale populations was discussed.