超高产冬小麦硫素营养特点的初步研究

Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of Sulfur Nutrition in Super High-Yielding Winter Wheat

为明确超高产（9000 kg/ha左右）冬小麦的硫素营养特点，于2004-2006年冬小麦生长期间，在超高产田取样研究了超高产冬小麦硫素吸收、积累和分配规律。结果表明，小麦不同器官中的硫含量为0.27%-0.76%（干重）。不同器官比较，除拔节期以茎秆含硫量最高外，其他时期几乎均以叶片含硫量最高。同器官不同时期比较，各器官均以新发生时含硫量较高。叶片的含硫量从越冬期到孕穗期一直增加，孕穗期以后逐渐下降，其他器官从发生以后含硫量即逐渐下降，各器官均以成熟期含硫量最低。生育前中期不同器官硫的积累量均以叶片最高，生育后期以籽粒最高。冬小麦对硫的吸收强度为单峰趋势，拔节到孕穗期最高。小麦植株硫的吸收积累量随生育进程而增加，起身期以前吸收较少，拔节到开花期稳定增加，开花后吸收减弱。不同品种的硫素积累量陆续在开花到灌浆中期达到最大值。硫的累积吸收量在越冬前、起身、拔节、孕穗、开花或开花后10 d及成熟期依次达到全生育期的10%、20%、40%、80%、100%左右和85%，即硫的阶段吸收量以生育中期（起身至开花）最高，前期（出苗至起身）次之，后期（开花至成熟）最低。小麦一生对硫的总积累量为62.49-79.09 kg/ha，冬前至拔节期主要分布在叶片和叶鞘中，尤以叶片中分配比例最高，孕穗至灌浆期在叶片和茎秆中分配较多，成熟期籽粒中分配比例最高。

In order to clarify the characteristics of sulfur（S） nutrition in winter wheat with a grain yield about 9 000 kg/ha,field experiments were conducted in Gaocheng County,Hebei Province during 2004-2006 winter wheat growing periods.The main results showed that,the concentration of S in various organs of wheat ranged from 0.27%-0.76% of DW.The concentration of S in leaf blades was always the highest among all organs at various growing stages,but with an exception at jointing stage when the S concentration in stem was the highest.Comparison of S concentration in the same organs among different phenophases showed that,the concentration of S was high when the organs were newly occurred.The S content in leaf blades increased from seedling to booting stage,then decreased gradually.The S concentration in other organs decreased after they occurred.The S concentration in all organs was the lowest at maturity stage.The accumulation amounts of S in leaf blades during early and middle stages were higher than those in other organs,but the accumulation of S in grains were the highest during late stage.The absorption intensity of S by wheat plants was a single peak curve,with the highest intensity during jointing to booting stages,when was the critical period of S requirement.The accumulation amount of S by wheat plants increased with the growing process.The absorption of S was small before double ridge,and evenly increased from jointing to anthesis,then decreased.The accumulation amount of S by different wheat varieties reached the highest value at anthesis to middle milk maturity.The accumulative percentage of S at the stages of pre-winter,double ridge,jointing,booting,0 or 10 days after anthesis,and maturity reached 10%,20%,40%,80%,100%,and 85% of the total accumulation,respectively.The accumulation intensity of S during middle growing period（double ridge to anthesis） was the highest,and then that during early growing period（seedling emergence to double ridge）,with that during late growing period（anthesis to maturity） as the lowest.The total accumulation of S in above-ground organs of wheat during its life span was 62.49-79.09 kg/ha,which was mainly distributed in leaf blades and sheathes from pre-winter to jointing stage,especially in leaf blades.The distribution percentage in leaf blades and stems was higher than those in other organs from booting to middle grain filling stage,but that in grains was the highest at maturity.