钾肥运筹对砂质潮土冬小麦产量、品质及土壤钾素平衡的影响

Effect of Potassium Fertilizer Application on the Yield,Quality of Winter Wheat and Soil Available K Balance in Sandy Chao Soil

为给黄淮海地区冬小麦合理施用钾肥提供依据,在砂质潮土上设置田间试验,研究了施钾量与钾肥运筹方式对冬小麦产量、品质及土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明,在作基肥一次施用情况下,钾肥不同用量的增产、增收效应以施钾(K2O)150 kg.ha-1时最佳;随着钾肥用量的增加,籽粒蛋白质含量、支链淀粉含量呈增加的趋势,直/支比呈降低的趋势;随着钾肥用量的增加,土壤速效钾含量和植株钾素积累量均升高,要保持土壤速效钾平衡,钾肥用量应达150 kg.ha-1以上。在相同施钾水平下,分次施钾的增产、增收效应、钾肥利用率均显著高于一次基施肥处理;分次施钾处理的籽粒蛋白质含量、直/支比低于钾肥一次基施的处理,籽粒支链淀粉含量则相反,但两处理之间上述指标的差异均未达显著水平。从钾肥的增产、增收效应,以及冬小麦对钾肥利用率、土壤钾素平衡的影响等方面综合分析,以施钾量150 kg.ha-1分次施用(5∶5)时效果最好,与不施钾处理相比可增产1 225.23 kg.ha-1,每公斤K2O增产8.17 kg,增收930.24元.ha-1,钾肥利用率为53.4%,并能够实现土壤速效钾的收支平衡。

Field plot experiment was used to study the effect of potassium fertilizer application on the yield,quality of winter wheat and soil K balance in the sandy Chao soil in Henan province,the result showed that： when total potassium fertilizer was basically applied,the optimal yield and profit increment was obtained at potassium fertilizer rate of 150 kg·ha^-1,as the potassium fertilizer rate increased,the content of grain protein and amylopectin starch showed ascendant trend but the ratio of amylose starch content /amylopectin starch content showed descendant trend;the soil available K content and plant K accumulation increased as the potassium fertilizer rate increased,to keep the soil available K balance,the potassium fertilizer rate must be above 150 kg·ha^-1;Under condition of the same rate of potassium fertilizer,the regime with ratio of basal ： dressing of 5∶5 showed better than that with total fertilizer as dressing on yield,profit and potassium fertilizer recovery;the seed protein content,the ratio of amylose starch content /amylopectin starch content at regime with ratio of basal：dressing of 5：5 showed better than that with total fertilizer as dressing,but amylopectin show adverse trend between those twe treatments.Considering of higher yield,profit,fertilizer recovery rate and soil K balance as a whole,the treatment with 150 kg·ha^-1 of K2O application in two times was optimal with total increment of 1 225.23 kg·ha^-1 of yield and 578.7yuan·ha^-1 of profit increment,and with 8.17kg yield per kg K2O,with potassium fertilizer recovery rate of 53.4%,and with the soil available K balance.The soil available K level and plant K accumulation enhanced with the increase of potassium fertilizer rate.