《周易》古经的解释原则兼释《离》、《兑》二卦

The Hermeneutic Rules for the Ancient Text of the Zhouyi:A Case Interpretation of Hexagrams Li and Dui

本文考察了《周易》古经的成书及流变过程,提出了解释《周易》古经应该遵循的五个基本原则。据此,笔者对《周易》古经中的《离》卦、《兑》卦作出了新的解释。作者认为,《离》卦以狼群袭击人类喻异族入侵。其中的"离"就是狼。狼很可能是异族入侵者的图腾,也是对该族人的称呼。笔者认为,《兑》卦反映了先秦比较常见的巫术之一——"说"。"说"是向神灵祈祷的一种巫术。从出土的占卜材料来看,占卜时若遇到有"忧"或有"祟",贞人往往建议人们进行"说"以除之。

This paper makes an investigation on the completion and evolution of the Ancient Text of the Zhouyi, and set forth five rules for the interpretation of it. In accordance with these rules, the author contributes a new interpretation on the hexagrams L/ （ ） and Dui （ ） , pointing out that hexagram L/draws an analogy between the invasion of different race and wolves offending human being. Hexagram L/symbolizes Wolf Totem of some exotic race who are called wolf too. In addition, the paper holds that hexagram Dui refleets an ordinary witchcraft; Yue （pray） , a prayer to divinities, in the pre-Qin period. In the unearthed divining manuscripts, when it appears the worried or evil oracles, people used to he advised to pray to the divinities to exempt from disaster.