论张伯端的丹道与易道

On ZHANG Bo-duan's View on Alchemy Refinery and Yi-ology

在继承东汉魏伯阳《周易参同契》和五代宋初陈抟图书学派的象数易学思想的基础上,对内丹修炼中所涉及的炉鼎与药物、采药、火候等要素及其间关系的处理,张伯端在论述时均用《周易》理论直观地解说,如以乾代鼎,以坤代炉,以离指元神,以坎指元精,以纳甲法阐述颠倒坎离翻卦象的采药过程,以十二辟卦、十二辰、二至二分说明进阳火、退阴符,把握时机即火候炼成金丹的过程,富有特色。《悟真篇》所借用的易卦,如乾坤、坎离、震兑、否泰、屯蒙、复垢等及其卦象,往往已脱离《周易》中本原的卦象内涵,都有《周易》中所没有的特殊内涵,赋予了新义。《悟真篇》通过易卦、易象阐述丹道,为易学思维的发展,提供了新的启迪。

Adopting WEI Bo-yang＇s thought in Zhouyi can tong qi （ Talisman of the Three Receptacles Based on the Zhouyi） completed in the Eastern Han dynasty and CHEN Tuan＇s image-numerology of Tushu （ River Map and Luo Chart） school formed in the early Northern Song dynasty, ZHANG Bo-duan interpreted the relationship between caldron as furnace, stuff, and the duration and degree of refinery etc. by the theory conceived in the Zhouyi directly. For example, he took trigram Qian （ ） as ealdren, Kun （ ） furnace, Li （ ） primordial spirit, and Kan （ ） original essence. In addition, he applied the Gua-qi theory correlating the trigrams and hexagrams to seasonal points. He also bears novel connotations on the trigrams and images different from their original meanings in the Zhouyi. Wuzhen Plan explicates the theory of alchemy refinery by the trigrams and images in the Zhouyi, which is capable to in- spire.