马铃薯主要块茎性状杂种优势及配合力分析

Analysis of Heterosis and Combining Ability for Tuber Traits in Potato

对马铃薯9个亲本及其不完全双列杂交组配的18个杂种无性一代的8个性状进行了杂种优势和配合力分析。结果表明:①8个性状均具有一定程度的杂种优势,超中亲优势的大小顺序为:烂薯率>块茎产量>结薯数>淀粉含量>单个块茎重>薯形>块茎外观>结薯习性;超高亲优势的排列顺序则为:结薯数>单个块茎重>块茎产量>块茎外观>烂薯率>淀粉含量>薯形>结薯习性。②品种P(2L0031-17)、P(4陇薯3号)、P(7L0218-38)、P(995D-P-8)具有较好的一般配合力,是理想的亲本材料。③组合P1×P4、P2×P9在淀粉含量、块茎产量等性状上具有较高的特殊配合力,产生较强的杂种优势。在马铃薯高淀粉育种中应选择高淀粉材料作为亲本之一,选配组合时亲本最好采用高×高类型或高×低类型配置组合。

Heterosis and combining ability were analyzed for 8 tuber traits of 9 parents and 18 crosses derived from 3 × 6 incomplete diallel cross in first clonal generation. The 8 traits tested showed heterosis to some extent. The rank of heterosis over mid-parent value was rotten tuber rate〉 tuber yield〉 tuber number〉 starch content〉 tuber weight〉 tuber shape〉 tuber appearance〉 stolon length, while the rank over high-parent value was tuber number〉 tuber weight〉 tuber yield〉 tuber appearance〉 rotten tuber rate〉 starch content〉 tuber shape〉 stolon length. The parents, L0031-17, Longshu 3, L0218-38 and 95D-P-8, had higher general combining ability, indicating that they are good parents in future breeding effort. The crosses, L0206-6 × Longshu 3 and L0031 × 95D- P-8, performed better in such traits as starch content and tuber yield for specific combining ability. It is suggested that at least one high starch parent should be used in breeding for high starch content, i.e. high × high or high × low crosses.