香港市民阶层流动意识探析 结构与认同下难圆的“香港梦”

A Discussion on the Consciousness of Class Mobility of Hong Kong People-the "Hong Kong Dream" Difficult to Come True under the Structure and Identity

1960年代香港经济的腾飞给香港市民带来了乐观的阶层流动意识,"香港梦"成了描述香港社会阶层结构相对开放的一个大众话语。但1980年代中期以来,阶层结构进入一个稳定的时期,客观的远距离阶层流动消失,这种乐观感也随之消失,1990年代的金融风暴和住房泡沫的破灭,使香港进入了一个"中下流"社会。本文基于阶层化的理论,以经验数据为准,发现中下层的市民客观阶层与主观阶层定位都处于低下地位,而拥有比较悲观的向上流动意识,这反过来又制约他们向上流动,"香港梦"失去了现实的社会基础。

Hong Kong's economic takeoff in the 1960s brought to Hong Kong people optimistic consciousness of class mobility. The 'Hong Kong Dream' became a popular expression referring to the relatively open social strata structure of Hong Kong society. However, the mid-1980s was a period when the class structure got stabilized, resulting in the disappearance of the long-distance class mobility, and with it, the evaporation of the sense of optimism. The financial crisis and the bursting of the housing bubble in the 1990s degraded Hong Kong to a 'lower middle' society. Based on the class theories and empirical data, the author finds that the lower middle class people, whose objective and subjective strata are both positioned at the lower end, are apt to having more pessimistic sense of upward mobility, which in turn is constraining their upward mobility. The 'Hong Kong Dream' has lost the social basis of reality.