川西云杉天然林分布特点和种内群体分化的初步研究

Study on natural distribution characteristics and populations differentiation in Picea balfouriana

【目的】系统揭示川西云杉表型变异程度和变异规律。【方法】以川西云杉天然分布区内12个有代表性的群体、每个群体的30个单株为试材,测定其球果、针叶、种鳞和种翅12个性状,采用方差分析、聚类分析方法,对群体间和群体内的表型多样性进行系统比较研究。【结果】川西云杉球果、针叶、种鳞和种翅的表型分化系数均值分别为39.69%,34.19%,27.20%和45.82%,以种鳞的最小,其性状稳定性较高;群体间变异(36.53%)小于群体内变异(63.47%);以川西云杉全分布区内的地理气候因子进行聚类分析,可以将其划分为5个小生态分布区;通过表型性状的聚类分析可以将川西云杉的12个群体划分为3类,白玉群体单独聚为一类,九龙、雅江和色达群体聚为一类,其余8个群体聚为一类。【结论】川西云杉天然林群体内多样性大于群体间多样性,群体内分化明显高于群体间,因此在遗传改良工作中进行优良群体选择和利用时,应该加大对优良个体选择和利用的力度。

[Objective] The study was to investigate and analyze the natural distribution of Picea balfouriana（PB）. [Method] 12 populations which represented natural populations of the distribution area were selected,and 30 individuals in each population were taken as samples. 12 characteristic forms of the cones,needles,seeds scales and seed wings etc. were analyzed systematically. The methods of ANOVA analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used for analysis of data obtained in the experiment.[Result] The differentiation coefficient of morphological traits（Vst） of cone, needle, seed scale and seed wing were 39.69% ,34.19% ,27.20% and 45.82% respectively. The traits stability of seed scale was higher than that of other traits;The variation among populations was 36.53% ,which was greatly smaller than that within populations（63.47%）;With the method of hierarchical cluster analysis, the geographic distribution and weather factors in the distribution area were analyzed for all distribution of PB,and the five relatively small distribution areas of PB could be divided. According to the UPGMA cluster analysis,the 12 populations of the PB could be divided into three groups. One was Baiyu group,the other was Jiulong,Yajiang and Seda group,and the rest eight populations belonged to one group. [Conclusion] The result showed that the variation among populations was greatly smaller than that within populations, and the differentiation within populations was obviously higher than that among populations. Therefore, elite individual selection and utilization showd be strengthened in carrying out provenance traits.