基因兴奋剂的危害及其检测方法研究现状

Present Research Situation on Gene Doping and Its Detection Technique

基因兴奋剂是伴随着基因治疗技术的发展而出现的一种新型兴奋剂,其隐蔽性极强,具有许多鲜为人知潜在危害性。综述了基因兴奋剂的种类、机制、危害和相关的检测技术研究现状。分析发现,在可能出现的基因兴奋剂中,提高耐力素质的基因兴奋剂有促红细胞生成素(FPO)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)等;提高力量素质基因兴奋剂有胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)、肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin)和生长激素(GH)等。基因兴奋剂违背了奥林匹克精神,同时对运动员健康与环境造成严重的危害。因此,基因兴奋剂检测技术已成为全球反兴奋剂工作重点攻关项目。目前基因兴奋剂检测的研究主要从检测载体、导入的外源性基因及其表达产物——蛋白质,以及外源性基因对人类正常基因表达谱和蛋白质图谱的影响等几方面着手。相信,不久的将来一定会开发出高效、成熟的检测技术。

With the gene therapy poised to become a viable medical, gene doping, a new doping technique appeared. Gene doping is difficult to be detected, and its harm have not been found completely. This paper sums up the kinds, mechanism and detection technique of gene doping. In those coming gene doping, the genotype of EPO and EGF are related to endurance perform- ance ; the genotype of IGF- 1, Myostatin and GH are related to muscle strength. Gene doping do harmful to Olympics spirit and athlete healthy, so finding detecting technique of gene doping have become a very important anti-doping work. At present, the studies of anti-gene-doping have been carried out, the detected material including carrier, foreign gene and protein, the changes of gene and protein expression profiles, and so on. It is believed that the convenient and mature gene doping detecting technique must be found in the future.