柳词双声叠韵考论

A Study on Alliterative Compounds and Rhyming Compounds in Liu Yong's Lyric Poetry

柳永是词史上第一位大量运用双声叠韵的词人,其《乐章集》中绝大部分词作均有双声叠韵的现象。柳词组织双声叠韵的模式,有联绵词例、常用词例、临时词例、非词例、句间例、片间例、隔字例七种通例;运用双声叠韵的位置主要集中于每片起结处,即双调词的起句、上片歇拍、过遍和结句;运用的方式除单用外,可区分为连用与对用两大类。柳词运用双声叠韵的目的和效果主要反映在三个方面:配合乐曲旋律的复杂性,更完美地表现词调声情;加强乐曲每遍之间的衔接与过渡;突出乐声的紧要处与节奏变化。这体现了柳永对发展词乐和推进词律的贡献。

Historically,Liu Yong was the first lyric or ci-poet who used alliterative compounds（phrases consisting of two or more characters with the same initial consonant） and rhyming compounds.Liu＇s Lyric Chapters（Yue Zhang Ji）,a collection of his lyric or ci-poems,features alliterative compounds and rhyming compounds in most of the poems.Those compounds include seven patterns： alliterated or rhymed 2-character phrases,commonly used fixed phrases,provisional phrases,ungrammatical phrases,″last-first″ phrases（one consisting of the last character of one line and the first character of the next line）,″stanza-stanza″ phrases（one consisting of the last character of one stanza and the first character of the next stanza）,and separate-character phrases（one consisting of one character and the next but one or more）.Liu＇s purpose and effect of applying these compounds in lyric poems lie in the following three aspects： a good match for musical complexity and lyrical emotion,a smooth musical connection and transition,and a due stress on the vital part（s） and change in musical rhythm.All these demonstrate Liu＇s contribution to the development of lyric poetry and promotion of metrical patterns.