论《本朝文粹》的文体及其意义

On Honcho Monzui's Stylistic Variety and its Significance

平安晚期,藤原明衡以中国的《文选》为规范,编纂了被称为日本"国风第一古典"与"文艺复兴旗帜"的《本朝文粹》。该书汇集了39种文体的美文,尤其突出了平安汉文学代表性文体,如表、奏状、序与愿文。文体间的异同以及各文体收录文章的多寡,既显示出平安汉文学的特色及其与中国文学的渊源关系,又反映出两国不同社会状况和文学样式的差异。这部巨著及其文体对日本社会与日本文学艺术产生了广泛而深远的影响,因此一直成为学者的研究对象。

The Heian period witnessed the rise of Sinology and the dominance of Japanese literature in Chinese in literary circles,which brought about the co-development of a wide stylistic variety of literature and the maturity of Chinese poetry and prose.In the late Heian period,therefore,the representative Japanese scholar Fujiwara no Akihira（989-1066） compiled Honcho Monzui（Literary Essence of Our Court） known as the ″first classical work″ and the ″flag of Renaissance″ in Japan.According to the norms of China＇s Literature Selections and the literary forms established in the Heian period and on the basis of the previous research results in stylistic differentiation,Honcho Monzui,which is a collection of essays in thirty-nine styles,was prepared to be a guide to writing.It is necessary to point out that Honcho Monzui is actually not a copy of Literature Selections in terms of style but an appropriate adaptation in the light of the practical needs of Japan＇s social life.Furthermore,it is only when they were well combined with Japanese specific conditions that the introduced Chinese literary forms could develop vigorously.This monumental work has ever since exerted extensive and profound influence on Japanese arts and literature.Firstly,the rich stylistic variety used in Honcho Monzui served as the most important formal way of expression to maintain and publicize the Confucian political setup.Secondly,the various styles available in the book produced wide and profound influence on Japanese literature in Chinese in years to come.Thirdly,the said influence shifted from the kanji system on to the kana system after the Kamakura period,playing a crucial role in forming an attractive text with both kanji and kana.Despite the important position of Honcho Monzui in the history of Japanese literature,it is highly necessary to study these two theoretical viewpoints in conducting a research on the literary styles of the book.One is the ″unchangeability of Chinese literary norms″,which is negative to the（further） development of new literary forms and the other is the ″pure spontaneity of ganmon″,which is to defy the original relation of ganmon with Chinese literature.The latter viewpoint could even lead to the extremely wrong conclusion： Chinese literature stresses ″moral values″,while Japanese literature ″aesthetical feelings″.