新疆综合性医院护士健康现状调查分析与对策

The Health Status Quo of Nurses in General Hospitals in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆大型综合医院护士综合健康现状,为护理科学管理提供决策依据。方法采用基本人口学资料表、自行设计的护士常见疾病调查表,用整群抽样的方法抽取新疆4所大型综合医院1 437名护士(2所三级医院921名,2所二级医院516名),针对其常见疾病或症状进行了调查。结果不同民族护士身体健康的各项基线指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);常见疾病为神经精神病类(30%)、消化系统疾病类(28%)、骨关节病类(25%)、下肢静脉曲张(20%)、月经不调(19%)、皮肤过敏(14%)和贫血(8%)。患神经精神类疾病护士中汉族高于维吾尔族(P<0.05);患静脉曲张护士中哈萨克族高于其他民族(P<0.05);31～40岁组护士及急诊、重症监护室护士发生精神类疾病、月经不调及消化系统类疾病人数高于其他年龄组及科室组(P<0.05)。结论新疆综合性医院护士的健康状况不容乐观,不同民族、年龄及科室护士高发疾病存在差异,管理者必须在人力资源的配置、护士的工作与生活、健康教育及定期体检等方面予以高度重视,才能有效提高护士身心健康水平。

Objective To investigate the health status quo of nurses in general hospitals in Xinjiang for providing a basis for the determination of scientific nursing management. Methods General demographic data and self-designed questionnaire on common diseases in nurses were used to investigate the common diseases in them among 1 437 nurses （921 from two Class Ⅲ hospitals, 516 from two Class Ⅱ hospitals in Xinjiang by cluster sampling）. Results There were no differences in basic indexes between the nurses of different nations （P〉0.05）. The common diseases were found to be neuropsychosis （30%）, diseases of digestive system （28%）, osteoarthrosis （25%）, varicose veins of lower extremity （20%）, irrgular menses （19%）, skin hypersensitiveness （14%） and anemia （8%）. The neuropsychosis rate among the nurses of Han nation was higher than that among those of Uyger （P〈0.05）; the incidence of varicose veins among those of Hazakh nation was higher than those of any other nations （P〈0.05）; The nurses aged between 31-40 years and those from emergency departments and ICU had higher incidences of neuropsychosis, irrgular menses and diseases of digestive system than those from other age groups and clinical departments （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The health condition of nurses working at the hospitals of Xinjiang was not good. There are differences in high risk diseases between different nations, different ages and clinical departments. The hospital administrators should attach higher importance to the allocation of human resources, work and life of nurses, their health education and regular health examination so as to effectively enhance mental and physical health.