云南金顶铅锌矿区丛枝菌根真菌多样性的研究

Species diversity of arbuscular mycorrizal fungi in Jinding Pb-Zn mining area of Lanping,Yunnan

对云南金顶铅锌矿区丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)资源进行了调查,从32种植物的83个根际土壤样本中分离鉴定出5属36种丛枝菌根真菌,其中无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 5种、内养囊霉属Entrophospora 2种、巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora 1种、球囊霉属Glomus 24种及盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora 4种。球囊霉属和无梗囊霉属为金顶铅锌矿区中丛枝菌根真菌的优势属,沃克球囊霉Glomus walkeri是我国的新记录种。近明球囊霉Glomus claroideum、明球囊霉G.clarum、缩球囊霉G.constrictium、地球囊霉G.geosporum、摩西球囊霉G.mossaea、膨胀球囊霉G.pansihalos和疣突球囊霉G.verruculosum是金顶铅锌矿区的优势种;金顶铅锌矿区土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的孢子密度为495-11175个/100g土,平均3368±291(SE,标准误差)个/100g土,每种植物根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的物种丰富度为2-20种,平均11.5种;金顶铅锌矿区植物根际土壤中较高的AMF孢子密度和物种丰富度说明AMF对重金属污染具有较强的抗(耐受)性。

The species diversity of arbuscular mycorrizal fungi （AMF） in Jinding Pb-Zn mining area of Lanping, Yunnan, was investigated. Thirty-six species belonging to five genera were isolated and identified from 83 rhizosphere soil samples of 32 plant species, including 5 species of Acaulospora, 2 species of Entrophospora, 1 species of Gigaspora, 24 species of Glomus and 4 species of Scutellospora. Acaulospora and Glomus were the dominant genera and Glomus walkeri was new record in China. Glomus claroideum, G. clarum, G. constrictium, G. geosporum, G. mossaea, G. pansihalos and G. verrueulosum were dominant in Jinding Pb-Zn mining area. AMF spore density ranged from 495 to 1 1175 per 100g soil with an average of 3368-4-291 （SE, standard error）, and the species richness in each plant sample was 2-20 with an average of 11.5. The relatively high spore density and species richness of AMF in the rhizosphere soils of Jinding Pb-Zn mining area suggested that AMF have a strong tolerance to soil heavy metal pollution.