一株耐热石油烃降解菌的细胞疏水性及乳化、润湿作用研究

Cell-surface Hydrophobicity, Emulsification and Wetting Property of a High Temperature Hydrocarbon-degrading Strain

从胜利油田油水样中分离到一株能够在60℃高温条件下利用烃类产生生物表面活性剂的菌株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)A1。结果表明:A1的细胞表面具有很强的疏水性,这有助于菌体细胞对烃类的摄取。该菌株对石油烃具有良好的乳化作用,并可在20%的高盐环境和100℃高温条件下仍显示很高的乳化活性。同时,A1可明显改变油藏岩石表面的润湿性,使其亲水性显著增强。对油藏中的岩石模拟试片石英、灰岩和玻璃作用后的接触角均减小60%以上。油藏中岩石的润湿性能增强,水驱油时更易于剥落滞留在岩石表面上的油滴或油膜,从而提高石油采收率。

A high temperature hydrocarbon-degrading strain, Bacillus sp. A1, was isolated from oil-water samples of ShengLi oil field in Shandong Province. The cell-surface hydrophobicity of A1, emulsification to hydrocarbons and change of the wetting property of rocks treated by A1 were investigated in this paper. Three methods were used to determine the cell-surface hydrophobicity, CAM （Contact Angle Measurement）, SAT （Salt Aggregation Test） and BATH （Bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon）. The results showed that the cell-Surface of A1 was strongly hydrophobic. The diesel oil can be well emulsified by A1, and the emulsion showed good tolerance to salinity, pH and temperature. The hydrophobicity of rocks surface decreased dramatically treated by A1 and the contact angles of quartz, limestone and glass fell more than 60%. If the hydrophilicity of the rocks is higher, the oil in the rocks could be recovered more easily.