黄山风景区夏季空气微生物分布特征初步研究

Characteristics of Outdoor Air Microbes Pollution in Summer in Huangshan Scenic Spot

用自然沉降法测定了黄山风景区夏季旅游旺季14个景点的空气微生物浓度,并研究其种属构成和分布特征。结果表明:黄山风景区夏季空气细菌平均值为0.41×104CFU/m3,真菌平均值为0.34×104CFU/m3,总菌平均值为0.75×104CFU/m3,真菌占总菌的百分比为45.9%,黄山风景区空气已受到不同程度的微生物污染;对不同采样点的空气细菌和真菌进行了初步鉴定,空气细菌共有6属,其中优势细菌属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),分别占总细菌的37.7%、17.2%、10.1%、9.8%;真菌除无孢菌群外共有5属,其中优势菌属为芽枝霉属(Cladosporium)、无孢菌群(Mycelia sterilia)、青霉属(Penicillium)和交链孢霉属(Alternaria),分别占总真菌的40.4%、35.0%、5.6%、4.3%;空气微生物浓度的分布具有时空特征,这不仅与黄山风景区特有的地形地貌以及气候特征有关,还受到游客活动、动植物等因素的影响。

The concentration of airborne microbes in summer tourism season in Huangshan Scenic Spot was measured by fallen plate method at 14 collection sites. The study on the community structure and distribution characteristics of outdoor airborne microbes was carried out. The results showed that the average concentration of the bacteria, fungi and total microbes in the outdoor environment were 0.41×10^4 CFU/m^3, 0.34× 10^4 CFU/m^3 and 0.75×10^4 CFU/m^3 respectively, and the average percentage of fungi of the total was 45.9%. These indicated that the outdoor air had been polluted by airborne microbes. The preliminary identification was made on the bacteria and fungi at different sampling sites and the results showed that the dominant bacteria mainly belonged to Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas, and the average percentage of the total amount of the bacteria was 37.7%, 17.2%, 10.1% and 9.8% respectively; the dominant fungi belonged to Cladosporium, Mycelia sterilia, Penicillium and Alternaria, and the average percentage of the total amount of the fungi were 40.4%, 35.0%, 5.6% and 4.3% respectively. The results indicated that the distribution characteristics of air microbes are affected not only by topographical and climatic characteristics, but also by factors such as tourist activities, animals and plants.