清建国前女真人之佛教信仰

Buddhist Belief of Nüzhen before the Founding of the Qing Empire

从明初到清建国以前,女真人一直处在明帝国之辽东、朝鲜、蒙古三方合围形成的佛教文化圈中,对佛教文化并不陌生;在明代的女真族中,存在着以高僧道圆为代表的僧人群体;女真贵族佩戴的金佛冠和念珠等已经蕴含有一定的佛教意味。由此可以推断,女真建国以前,佛教已对女真文化产生了深远的影响,这种影响正是女真建立清国后确立佛教政策的重要依据。

In the Ming Dynasty Nuzhen located in a Buddhist cultural area which was surrounded by Liaodong, Korea and Mongolia. Famous monk Dao Yuan as an example showed that Nuzhen monk groups still existed in the Ming Dynasty, the gold Buddhist crowns and prayer beads which Nuzhen aristocrats wore revealed their Buddhist significance. It proved that Buddhism had a deep impact on Nuzhen culture and the impact laid an important basis for the Buddhist policy after the establishment of Qing dynasty.