从居延汉简看汉代的“女户”问题

Study on the Female-headed Households of the Han Dynasty from the Juyan Bamboo Slips

两汉时期的居延地区不仅气候有严寒、酷暑、降水少的特点,而且生存环境多沙,土壤微量元素有效锌、碘也严重缺乏,加之饮食条件差和劳动强度大等因素,造成居延戍卒具有较高的患病率和死亡率。由于戍卒的高死亡率,又必然带来因成年戍卒死亡而形成的大量"女户"问题。

Juyan area not only had the characteristics of severe winter, sweltering summer and little rainfall in climate in Han Dynasty. but also was in a sandy environment, seriously lacking available zinc and iodine content in soil. Together with vile dietetic condition and high labor intensity, all these factors led to the high disease and mortality rate of the garrison soldiers in Juyan area. Meanwhile, the death of the adult garrison soldiers inevitablely led to the female-headed households of the Han Dynasty.