С.Ю.维特与俄国土地改革政策的确立

Sergei Yulevich Witte and Policy Making of Russian Land Reform

19世纪末20世纪初,С.Ю.维特相继担任了俄国财政大臣和大臣会议主席。出于对国家财政经济状况的敏感,维特较早地看到了农民土地问题的症结,建议尼古拉二世实行土地改革。面对皇帝的冷淡和同僚的反对,维特积极倡导改革,主张赋予农民完整的土地权利。1905年10月以后,政府各部门就如何进行土地改革形成了多套方案,在维特的推动下,以确立份地个人所有和扩大农民土地占有为主要内容的土地改革政策逐渐形成。

Sergei Yulevich Witte, as Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Committee of Ministers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, early noticed Russian peasant problem and thought that the crux of peasant problem was appropriately handling land problem, then suggested Czars Nicholas Ⅱ Carrying out the land reform. Faced indifference of the Russian emperor and objection of his colleagues, Sergei Witte persisted in reforming, advocated to grant peasants complete right of land. After October 1905, by Witte＇s hard work, the Government reached consensus on implementing land reform and formed many schemes. With the push of Witte, the policies of land reform gradually come into being, in order to establish individual ownership about allotment land and expand the land possession of peasants.