武汉市重点中学学生视力低下影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of key middle school students' eyesight dysfunction in Wuhan City

目的通过对武汉市重点中学学生视力状况及其影响因素的调查,为开展视力保护工作提供科学依据。方法采用多级整群抽样的方法,抽取1126名学生进行视力检查和问卷调查,分别利用χ2和逐步logistic回归进行视力低下单因素和多因素分析。结果影响视力低下的主要危险因素有:随着年级的升高视力低下的危险性也升高,每周多于4次连续看书1h以上发生视力低下的危险性是少于1次的1.79倍,父母一方有近视、父母双方都近视的学生视力低下的危险性是父母视力正常的2.13、3.39倍;起保护作用的因素有:看书的距离21cm～、25cm～、30cm～发生视力低下的危险性分别是20cm以下的0.58、0.46、0.35倍,看电视的距离为2.1m～、3.0m～发生视力低下的危险性分别是2.0m以下的0.62、0.48倍,课间在教室外休息、在教室里休息发生视力低下的危险性分别是在教室里读书的休息的0.55、0.40倍。结论遗传和环境因素在视力低下的发生中起作用,及早预防,注意用眼卫生,养成良好的视觉行为习惯将有助于保护青少年视力。

Objective To investigate visual status and risk factors of key middle school students in Wuhan, and to provide scientific evidence for vision protection. Methods Visual acuity was examined in 1 126 students that were selected by multistage sampling. Influencing factors were investigated by questionnaire, x^2 and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations. Results The main influencing factors of eyesignt dysfunctions were grade. Reading books more than one hour （more than 4 times/week relative to less than 1 time/week） OR - 1.79. With two myopic parents, OR = 3.39. With one myopic parent OR - 2. 13. The farther the distance of reading and the distance of watching TV, the higher eyesight dysfunction risk. Compared with less than 20 cm, the 21 cm-, 25 cm- or 30 cm- of distance of reading had 0.58 fold, 0.46 fold, and 0.35 fold risk of eyesignt dysfunctions. Compared with less than 2.0 m, the 2.1 m- or 3.0 m- of distance of watching TV had 0.62 fold, and 0.48 fold risk of eyesight dysfunctions. Outdoor activities during class break had a decreased risk compared with reading in the classroom OR = 0. 40. Conclusions Environmental and gentic factor plays roles in the development of eyesight dysfunction. It is important to prevent eyesight dysfunction earlier, and have a good visual habit for juveniles.