中原文明建构“西部”观念的文化分析

Cultural Analysis on Construction of the Idea of "West" in the Central Plain Civilization

黄河在华夏文明共同体的空间想象中发挥着重要的座标功能。表示方位的词"河西"、"河陇"和表示非汉民族的蔑称"羌夷"或"戎夷"联系在一起,这表明西部词汇的使用,沿袭着中原中心的文化地理想象模式。"中国"、"河内"作为一组地理方位词,同"河西"、"河右"等词组形成对应。在中原中心的汉语命名规则中,还有以山为坐标的西部名称。"陇右"或"陇上",不仅包括甘肃,也包括陕北宁夏的黄土高原区。对中原来说,那都是汉关边塞以外。于是"陇山"、"陇水"等一大批修辞意味强烈的习语,充斥在中原本位的文学史传承之中。武威、张掖等地名,体现出中央帝国式的命名逻辑,和定西、绥远、靖边等一样,分明是一些带有咒语性质的名目。

The Yellow River plays an important coordinate role in dimensional imagination of Huaxia community. The words of ＂Hexi＂ and ＂Helong＂ which denote positions relate with Qiangyi and Rongyi which are despising appellation for non-Han nationality. This indicates that western words follow the imaginary model of cultural geography which takes the Cen- tral Plain as the center. The names of Zhongguo and Henei, as words of geographical posi- tions, correspond to Hexi and Heyou. There are western names called after the mountains in the rule of Chinese naming. Longyou or Longshang not only include Gansu but also include the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi and Ningxia which are outside the frontier fortress as far as central plain is concerned. So, there are a lot of idioms like Longshan and Longshui which have strong rhetoric implications flooded in the literary history embodying the ideolo- gy of the Central Plain. The names of ＂Wuwei＂ and ＂Zhangye＂ reflect the naming logic of imperial style which carrying the nature of conjuration just like the names of Dingxi and Suiyuan.