张君劢宪政民主思想的起源--以《穆勒约翰议院政治论》为中心的考察

Origin of ZHANG Jun-mai's Thoughts on Constitutional Democracy——A Reexamination on ZHANG's Translation of John Mill's Considerations on Representative Government

《穆勒约翰议院政治论》是张君劢生平发表的第一篇文字,系编译密尔的《代议制政府》一书而成。以往的研究多受史华慈关于严复思想研究的经典结论的影响,认为张君劢这篇文章是在追求国家富强的心理背景之下,从社会达尔文的集体主义诠释和接受密尔的自由主义民主思想。如果从张君劢对民主制度的论证、对代议制缺陷的认识和思考以及对实施宪政民主制度的条件的思考等方面来分析,则可看出史华慈持论的偏颇。实际情形是,张君劢的摘译不仅忠实于密尔的原意,而且还相当准确地把握了密尔民主理论的精髓,这篇文章在很大程度上也为张君劢毕生的宪政民主思想奠定了一个基调。

<Title>Origin of ZHANG Jun-mai's Thoughts on Constitutional Democracy——A Reexamination on ZHANG's Translation of John Mill's Considerations on Representative Government <Author>WENG He-kai 'Mule Yuehan yiyuan zhengzhi lun,' ZHANG Jun-mai's first article published in 1906,is a selective and summary translation of several chapters of John Stuart Mill's Consideration on Representative Government.The past researches mostly consider that ZHANG in this article misinterpretes Mill's original texts and ideas on liberal democracy to some extent,based on the mentality of searching wealth and power for modern China.WENG's paper reexamines 'Mule Yuehan yiyuan zhengzhi lun' scrutinizingly and concludes that ZHANG's translation in this article is faithful to Mill's original thoughts on democracy and constitutionism and it also keynotes ZHANG's lifetime conviction on constitutional democracy to a great degree. <Keywords>