可以容忍的不平等:过渡与差别——柯亨思想的一种政治哲学考量

Compatible Inequality:Transition and Difference——A political consideration of Cohen's ideas

柯亨认为,马克思主义追求的社会主义理想是消除资本主义的阶级剥削,代之以经济平等和彻底的民主,但是,从历史和现实看,我们都距离马克思的理想有很大距离。即使作为当前的合理目标是最好的选择,市场社会主义至多仍然是次优的选择。鉴于历史发展的进程要求,即过渡特征,我们必须对结果意义上的各种不平等采取包容政策。但在社会主义机会平等的条件下,收入差异在仅仅反映了不同的收入、闲暇差异时才是可以接受的。社会主义平等并非"机械的平等"或"结果的相同"。

G·A· Cohen believes that Marxism strives for a society of complete democracy with economic equality free from capitalist exploitation. However, Marxism＇s ideal socialism is far beyond history and reality, and market socialism is still the second -best choice. We are to tolerate various unequal results since market socialism is a special history transi- tion. The difference in income is acceptable only when it reflects the different income and difference of working and leisure time under the condition of socialist equality of opportunities. Socialist equality does not refer to ＂mechanical equality＂, nor ＂sameness of results＂.