贵阳市中心城区大气颗粒物特征分析

Analysis of Characteristics of Air Particular Matter in The Centre of Guiyang City

依据实际监测数据,分析了贵阳市城区冬夏两季颗粒物(以PM10为主)的质量浓度分布特征、粒径分布特征和化学组成特征。由于冬季燃煤排放烟尘量多,近地面大气稳定度高,细微颗粒不易向高空扩散,因此贵阳市冬季各个监测点的PM10浓度都较夏季高;夏季较冬季空气扩散能力强,颗粒物易向高空扩散,地面颗粒物浓度较低,尤其是细颗粒物的浓度,因此冬季细颗粒物的比例明显增加;监测期间颗粒物的主要化学组分是TC、SO24-、Si、NO3-、Al和Ca,除太慈桥点外,其它4个点的多环芳烃质量含量均是冬季大于夏季,环科院冬夏季和监测站夏季都是细颗粒物中的多环芳烃质量含量要高于粗颗粒物的,监测站冬季是粗颗粒物中的多环芳烃质量含量要高于细颗粒物的。

This paper analysizes structure character of quality concentration and granularity and chemical composing of particular matter, on the basis of the practical monitoring data. The quality concentration of PM10 of every monitor in winter is higher than in summer because of the more burning coal soot and the stability of air which cause the thin particulate is difficult to diffuse to sky. The proportion of thin particulate is increased distinctly in winter because of the different diffused condition in winter and summer. The diffusing scope is wider in summer than in winter so that the particulate is easy to diffuse to sky and especially for the thin particulate. The primary chemical composing are TC, SO4^2- , Si, NO3 , Al and Ca. The quality concentration of PAH of the other four monitors is more in winter than in summer except for the monitor of Tai Ciqiao. The quality concentration of PAH of thin particulate is more than the thick particulate except for the monitor of Jian Cezhan in winter. The PHA accrete to the thin particulat whieh＇s quality concentration is more than the thick particulate in winter.