北方地区农民对水资源短缺的反应

Farmers' response to water shortage in North China

研究我国北方地区农民对水资源短缺的反应,可为政策制定者制定有效的水资源管理政策提供重要的实证依据。通过对我国北方7省500多个村开展的多次大规模实地调查,结果表明,随着水资源短缺程度的加大,农民不仅会将集体产权和集体管理的机井转变成个体产权和个体管理的机井,还会自发性地形成地下水市场;另外,农民在采用节水技术方面会做出较敏感的反应。农民对水资源短缺的反应一方面可能会缓解水资源短缺的矛盾,另一方面却也可能使得水资源短缺现象更为严重,因此,政府不能忽视而应该重视农民对水资源短缺的反应,运用相关的政策和制度措施(诸如水价、水资源费、水资源管理制度改革,水权、财政和信贷等政策)来合理地引导农民对水资源短缺的反应,尽量减少其潜在的负面影响,促进水资源和社会经济的可持续发展。

Researches on farmers' response to water shortage in North China may provide important empirical evidences for the design of effective water management policies.The field survey data of more than 500 villages of 7 provinces in North China show that,with the increasing water shortage,the farmers not only have transferred the ownership and management patterns of tube wells from collective to private,but also have developed groundwater markets.In addition, the farmers are more sensitive to adopting water-saving technologies.On one hand,the farmers' response to water shortage may mitigate the water shortage situation,on the other hand,it may aggravate the intense of the water shortage situation.Therefore,the government should not ignore the farmers' response to water shortage and should highlight their response.The effective policy and institutional measures(such as water price policies,water resources fee,reform of water resources management,water right,financial and credit policies) should be implemented to guide the farmers' response and to reduce their potential negative impacts so as to promote the sustainable development of water resources and socio-economy.