秦汉地方农官建置考述

Investigation on the Locally Agricultural Official System in Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉时期在地方上建立了多层次、多系统的农官体系,进行农业生产的组织管理。其中农监、都田、田啬夫、田典等属于都官系统,负责管理散处于郡国的公田;郡县两级的田曹掾史、劝农掾史、力田等属于地方行政系统,主要职能是劝课农桑、指导农耕;农都尉、农令、部农长、别田令史、农亭长等属于屯田管理系统,负责边郡的屯田事务。由于西汉后期以来,公田的经营方式逐渐从假民公田变为赋民耕种。东汉建立后,都官系统的农官被撤销,公田改归郡国管理,边郡农都尉也转属了郡太守。

The locally agricultural official system is very complex in Qin and Han dynasties. Conservator for agriculture, central farmland-se-fu, farmland-se-fu and governor for farmland are local follows of central departments, they are charged with the task of seeing after the national farmland in county. Official of local farmland department, internuncios for promote agriculture and diligent farmer are officials of local authorities, their tasks included promotion of agriculture and instruction of cultivation. Commandants for farming, prefects for farming, perfects for local farming and magistrate of agricultural Ting are managers for garrison fields. Since the anaphase of the Western Hart dynasty, national farmlands are granted to poor in stead of lend to chem. The agricultural officials that belong to central departments are quashed after the establishment of the Eastern Han dynasty. The national farmlands are managed by county, and the commandants for farming in border are ruled by viceroy.