敦煌佛教研究的得失

The Success and Failure of the Studies on Dunhuang Buddhism

回顾敦煌佛教研究的整个过程可以发现,以往学者多是按照经、戒规范进行描摹,塑造出一个理想型敦煌佛教;少数敦煌学家近年来虽已指出吐蕃统治及归义军统治时期的敦煌佛教颇有不合经、戒的世俗化倾向,但仍未能对这一时期敦煌佛教的特性作出明确的判断。实际上,8至11世纪的敦煌佛教不仅仅只是具有世俗化倾向,而是已经变成与佛教规范背道而驰的世俗佛教,体现出一些较以往明显不同的特点。因此,有必要重新改写以往出版的中国佛教史及敦煌佛教史。

Through reviewing the course of the Studies on Dunhuang Buddhism, this paper has found that scholars in the past tended to construct an ideal type of Dunhuang Buddhism according to Jing and fie. Over the past twenty years, a few experts have revealed that Dunhuang Buddhism in the reign of Tibet and Guiyijun was not consistent with the secular tendency in Jing and Jie. But they failed to make specific judgments on the characteristics of Dunhuang Buddhism. Dunhuang Buddhism in this era had actually become a secular religious practice with its own unique characteristics in opposition to the orthodox Buddhist teachings rather than only having a secular tendency. Therefore, it is necessary that A History of Chinese Buddhism and A History of Dunhuang Buddhism published before be rewritten.