就业与培训:土地被征用后的农村妇女——基于上海浦东、浙江温州、四川广元的实证研究

Employment and Training:A Case Study on Rural Women of Land Expropriated

城市化意味着农业人口向非农业人口转移、农业用地向非农用地转变以及农业向工业和第三产业转移的过程。农民大量、集中地从农业转移出来,给就业造成巨大压力。"失地农妇"作为弱势群体中的弱势群体遭遇更大的就业困境。虽然在土地征用和补偿安置的政策安排及政策执行中没有表现出明显的性别歧视,但是,与男性农民相比,农村妇女在接受教育与技能培训方面更处于弱势,也正是因此,她们求职的成功率和参加培训的积极性与参与感也比较弱,自主创业比例很低,在征地后她们的就业更加困难。我们应该采取一些针对性措施为她们提供接受再教育与培训机会,提高其就业竞争力。

One of the main problems in China's urbanization is the migration of farmers from agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector and the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses.Affected farmers have to look for jobs in cities.Those rural women whose land is expropriated suffer more employment difficulty than others.Based on some cases study of Shanghai,Zhejiang and Sichuan,the essay makes an analysis on their employment and training.It shows that though there is no obvious sex discrimination in policy decision and implementation of land expropriation,compensation and resettlement,compared with rural men,they are weaker in receiving education and technical training,and have a lower self-employment rate.Besides,they show less enthusiasm in applying for jobs and job training.One solution is that special programs should be set up in resettlement to improve their welfare,promote their training,help them with employment guidance,and increase their competitiveness in the job market.