卢梭的问题 康德的回答——重思康德先验伦理学的动机

Rousseau's Question and Kant's Answer:Rethinking of Motive of Kant's Transcendental Ethics

康德伦理学的首要动机是为了回应卢梭对现代性的激烈批判,为启蒙辩护。通过回应卢梭对资产者的批判和建构"公意"的努力,康德伦理学第一次无矛盾地表达出启蒙的核心价值观:善并非自然,它是理性的产物,而理性则要取法于普遍性,人借助于普遍性摆脱了自然的监护,从而真正成为了自己的主宰。正是在这个意义上,康德赞扬启蒙是社会和道德的进步。

The prime motive of Kant's ethics is to answer Rousseau's critique of modernity and defend Enlightenment.By rethinking Kant's transcendental ethics,the article makes a detailed discussion on Kant's defense of Enlightenment.It considers that through answering Rousseau's critique and endeavoring to build 'public will',at the first time Kant's ethics indicates core value of Enlightenment:good is not natural while it is the product of ration;ration is qualified by universality;human is out of nature's wardship by universality and becomes his own dominator.It is in such sense that Kant praised Enlightenment was social and moral progress.