反对迷信与民间信仰的现代形态——兼读杜赞奇“从民族国家拯救历史”

Anti-Superstition and the Modern Form of Chinese Folk Belief:Review On Prasenjit Duara's Rescue History from the Nation

在清末民初现代民族国家兴起的过程中,中国民众的信仰世界经历了急速的断裂与嬗变。"反迷信"运动将改造民间信仰整体性地纳入到了创建现代国家的话语体系及其社会展开过程。然而破除迷信作为一种启蒙形态,并非现代性的独创,它也是精英主义对于民众世界论述与改造传统的绵延。在反对迷信的同一性态度底下,还有启蒙主义在不同层次、不同立场叙事场景中的复杂呈现。民众信仰空间的多重叠合功能,使其现代改造并不表现为一种"传统—现代"绝然对立的线性进程。在地方性状态下,正统与民间、传统与现代交互而行,信仰空间依存于民众的日常实践,在现代改造中强固地延续着。

From the end of Qing Dynasty to the beginning of Republic of China,Chinese folk belief had experienced exquisite rupture and change in the course of Chinese national construction.The paper makes a study on modern transformation of folk belief and argues that the anti-superstition movement brought the rebuilding of folk belief into the process of construction of modern national discourse system and its social practice.As a kind of enlightenment,anti-superstition was not the original creation of modernity,but the extension of elite explanation of the mass and rebuilding of tradition.With the uniform attitude of anti-susperstition,the enlightenment discourse split into mulriple conformations.The multi-function of folk belief space did not make its modern transformation be a line-process with absolute opposition between tradition and modernity.While in the regional scene,legitimacy and the folk,tradition and modernity actually interacted.Based on ordinary living,Chinese folk belief continued stably in process of modern transformation.