论英国地方政府法下中央对地方管制路径的演进

Development of Regulation Channels of the Central Government over Local Governments under Local Government Acts

英国议会主权的宪政格局与地方自治的传统造就了中央与地方关系的原始紧张。1979年保守党入主中央政府,凭借1980、1988年两部地方政府法确立了针对地方政府的"输入管制"。1997年工党上台,尝试与地方政府建立新型合作关系,通过1999年地方政府法将对地方政府的管制路径修正为"结果管制",2000年与2003年两部地方政府法在延续结果管制的同时,扩大了地方政府在社区中的权力。结果管制虽未能改变英国的单一制框架,但给了地方政府更为灵活和宽松的发展空间。

Both parliamentary sovereignty and local autonomy put English central-local relationship under potential tension.Since being in charged in1979,the Conservative Party treated local governments which were mostly controlled the Labor Party as conceived enemy.Under this assumption,the central government set up input regulation over local government Local Government Acts of 1980 and 1988.In 1997,the Labor Party got the highest power,and tried to introduce partnership with local governments.the Local Government Act of 1999,the central government put more emphasis on outcomes of local government's performance.The Local Government Acts of 2000 and 2003 further push forward the outcome regulation,which make English traditional centralization modernized.