证明责任分配的主要依据

On Basic factors of the allocation of burden of proof

证明责任的科学分配,应当充分体现发现真实真相、实现公平正义和诉讼效率的司法理念,并尽量做到几者兼顾。在审判实务中,法官在法律或者司法解释等没有明确规定的情况下,应当主要根据证明对象证明的难易程度、证明主体的证明能力、证明对象与主体的关系(如证据所持或证据距离)、立法目的及其价值取向、盖然性等最基本的因素综合考虑,科学确定证明责任的具体分配。

Four philosophies controlling the allocation of burden of proof： 1. favorable to the finding of the truth and the facts; 2. sufficiently reflecting the justice of procedure and result; 3. sufficiently reflect the principle of fairness; 4. stressing the effectiveness of actions, make the actions economical and efficient so as to achieve the most possible objective justice in actions result with the least possible investment of time, human, material and financial resources. The allocation of burden of proof are trying to reflect truth, fairness, justice and effectiveness and to achieve the harmony and integrity of the four factors. To meet this aim, the following basic factors must be thoroughly and comprehensively considered in determining the allocation of burden： the capacity of the proof subject, the legal status of the subject of burden of proof, the degree of difficulty in proving the object of proof, the relation between the object and the subject （such as possession of proof or distance of proof）, the legislative purpose and its value orientation, the probability and so on.