美国医院的应急管理模式

American hospital emergency management model

美国21世纪发生的恐怖活动、自然灾害、传染病疫情使人们认识到建立一种全新医院应急管理模式的迫切性。政府对医院应急管理的组织领导、指挥和协调、应急准备、应急培训、应急演练、物资管理、通讯和信息传递都提出了明确的要求。美国的大多数医院都采用医院应急管理规划的模式来推动应急管理工作，主要包括：设置专人负责医院的应急管理工作；建立医院应急管理委员会；制定应对突发事件的综合预案；进行脆弱性分析；制定应对突发事件的专项预案；进行必要的应急准备;加强与外部机构的协调和寻求专业支持；开展应急培训和演练；定期进行回顾与评估。专门用于医院应对各类突发事件的医院突发事件指挥系统在美国的医院中被普遍采用。

The events of terror activities, natural disasters and infectious disease epidemics in the 21st century in the USA alert an urgent need to establish a novel hospital emergency management model. The federal government has proposed specific requirements for hospital emergency management in terms of organization, commanding and coordinating, emergency preparedness, training and rehearsal, resource management, communication and information transmission. Most of the American hospitals have adopted the model of hospital emergency management planning and preparedness, including mainly： assigning specialized personnel to hospital emergency management; establishment of an emergency management committee; formulation of an overall preparedness protocol for emergent events; performing fragility analysis; strengthening the coordination with extramural organizations and seeking expertise support; carrying out emergency preparedness training and rehearsal; and regular review and evaluation of the management. The commanding system set up especially to deal with various hospital emergent events is universally applied in American hospitals.