汉唐时期于阗的对外医药交流

Foreign Medicine at Khotan during the Han and Tang Dynasties

汉唐时期,于阗地区是丝绸之路的交通要道之一。在众多外来医药涌入的潮流下,一方面,于阗医学文化没有失去本土的主体性,在医学典籍翻译和经验医疗中,仍使用沿袭于阗的道地药材和风土习俗。另一方面,又受到印度、波斯、中原和吐蕃等诸多外来文化的影响。如信奉大乘佛教之后,将印度婆罗门教(印度教)文化体系内的生命吠陀医学知识佛教化,其做法甚至超过印度本土佛教。随着密教的兴盛,于阗医学又与密教结合,密教色彩在医学中的体现更加明显。

During the Han and Tang Dynasties, the Khotan region was one of the main arteries of the Silk Road. Despite an influx of foreign medicine, Khotan's medical culture did not lose its indigenous character. In the course of the translation of foreign medical classics and introduction of foreign medical practices, local medicinal ingredients and customs were retained. At the same time, foreign cultures from India, Persia, the Central Plains and Tibet found their way into local medicine. For instance, with the spread of Mahayana Buddhism in the area, the medical knowledge of Ayurveda in the Brahman (Hindu) cultural system was introduced into and mingled with its Buddhist counterpart, to an even greater extent than in India. When Esoteric Buddhism became prevalent, it combined with local Khotan medicine and played an even more prominent role.