少免耕和秸秆还田对冬小麦光合特性的影响

Effect Analysis on Photosynthetic Characters of Winter Wheat under Minimum or Zero Tillage System and Straw Returning

在小麦、玉米一年两熟条件下,设置耕作措施和秸秆两个因素,其中耕作因素分为常规耕作、深松耕、耙耕、旋耕、免耕5种,秸秆因素分为小麦、玉米秸秆全量还田与不还田,共10个处理,研究了少免耕和秸秆还田对冬小麦花后旗叶光合速率、叶绿素荧光动力学参数的效应。结果表明,在秸秆不还田条件下,耕作因素的花后旗叶光合速率、荧光动力学参数的单独效应均有深松耕>常规耕作>耙耕>旋耕>免耕的趋势。在秸秆还田条件下,除免耕的荧光动力学参数的单独效应大于旋耕外,其余的单独效应规律与秸秆不还田的一致。在五种耕作条件下,秸秆因素的光合速率、荧光动力学参数的单独效应表现为秸秆还田>秸秆不还田。试验结果还表明,交互效应也是影响小麦旗叶光合速率、荧光动力学参数的一个重要因素,其中免耕与秸秆还田的交互效应最高。

A field experiment contained ten treatments was carried out to study the effects of photosynthe-sis rate and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters of flag leaf after anthesis under minimum or zero tillage system and straw returning under the condition of biannual mature of wheat and maize, which contained five tillage systems including conventional tillage, subsoiling, harrowing, rotary tillage and zero tillage and two straw factors including entire straw returning and no - straw returning. The results showed that the tendency of single effects on photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters both were subsoiling 〉 conventional tillage 〉 harrowing 〉 rotary tillage 〉 zero tillage in the condition of no - straw returning, while with entire straw returning, the law of single effects was consistent except that the single effects of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters on zero tillage were higher than that of rotary tillage in the condition of straw returning. The tendency of single effects in the condition of five tillage systems was straw returning 〉 no - straw returning. The results also showed that the alternate effects also were the important factors, and the alter-nate effect of zero tillage and straw returning was the highest.