世界石化产业结构的第三次重大调整及其启示

The Third Large Stucture Adjustment of the World Petrochemical Industry and Its Inspiration

世界石化工业自50年代兴起以来,先后经历了三次大的结构调整。第一次产业结构调整的目标是实现煤化工向石油化工的转化;第二次产业结构调整是为克服石油危机带来的不利影响进而推动世界石化工业从粗放型走向集约型;第三次产业结构调整是自80年代中后期以来仍在进行的调整,旨在实现石化工业从资本集约型向技术(知识)集约型的转化,提高国际竞争能力、实现全球石油资源的优化配置利用和石化市场的合理组合,进一步提高石化产业的经济效益和技术含量。在这次调整中,发达国家的石化工业已走在前头,不少发展中国家也正在根据本国国情作必要的调整。我国石化工业应借鉴其他国家的经验,结合国情,搞好我国石化产业结构的调整,促进石化支柱产业的建设。

The world petrochemical industry has undergone three large structure adjustments since 1950s. The first was the conversion convert to petrochemical from coal chemicals. The second was the result of the then oil crisis, which in turn caused the world petrochemical industry to operate intensively instead of extensively. The third started in the late 1980s as a way to convert from capital-intensive operation to tech-intensive operation. It aimed to enhance the industry's competive power in the international market to achieve the rational allocation and utilization of the world petroleum resources and the rational combination of petrochemical markets. It was also intended to increase the industry's economic benefit and technical content. In the third adjustment, the developed countries are still leading the way, while considerable developing: countries are making some adjustments according to their situation. China's petrochemical industry should, based on its situation, learn from other countries to rationalize its petrochemical industry structure and to expand the construction of this industry, one of the national mainstay industries.