宁波市土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

Land Ecosystem Services Value from land use change in Ningbo city

应用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算公式，采用谢高地等人的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表分析了1991年、1996年和2003年宁波市土地利用／土地覆盖变化及其生态系统服务价值．结果发现：由于宁波市城市化和工业化发展迅速，1991年～2003年宁波市居民点及工矿用地扩大，耕地和牧草地面积呈减少趋势，引起了生态服务功能价值的下降．宁波市1991年总生态服务价值为1272482万元，1996年为1263708万元，2003年为1267332万元，从1991年至2003年13年时间共减少了5151万元．就生态系统单项服务功能价值（ESVf）分析，气体调节、侵蚀控制、生物多样性、原材料和娱乐文化在增加，而气候调节、水分调节、土壤形成、废物处理和食物生产在减少．敏感性分析表明，宁波市ESV相对于生态价值系数来说是缺乏弹性的，说明研究可信。

The objective of this paper is to analyze the land use and land cover change and to appraisal their effects on Ecosystem Services Value （ESV） in the rapid urbanization area of Ningbo city according to the land use data in 1991, 1996 and 2003. The methods are based on ESV computing formula and ESV coefficients. The following results and conclusions could be obtained： from 1991 to 2003, the area of cultivated land and grassland decreased, that of other land increased. The changes of the area of cultivated, grassland, built-up land are obvious. The total value of ecosystem services in Ningbo city declined from ￥127.25 × 10^8 in 1991 to ￥126.37 × 10^8 in 2003, with the net decline of ￥51.51 × 10^6 during the period of 13 years. The contribution of various ecosystem functions to the overall value of the ecosystem services comes from the increase in gas regulation, erosion control, bio-diversity conservation, raw materials and recreation cultural, while climate regulation, water regulation, soil formation, waste treatment and food production had a decreased effect. The sensitivity analysis suggested that these estimates are relatively robust.