大同矿区地表沉陷类型及成因初探

Discussion on surface subsidence type and cause in Datong Mining Area

为研究大同矿区地表大面积沉陷成因,对不同采煤方法引起的不同沉陷类型进行分析,总结出大同地区坚硬顶板具有大面积冒落的特征。同时,通过对顶板冒落前煤柱受力情况和地表塌陷机理进行了模拟,得出如下结论:在采空区部分煤柱丧失承载能力后,上部覆岩将围岩应力转移到周边仍具有一定承载力的尚未完全失效的煤柱上,致使相邻煤柱发生破坏,产生"多米诺骨牌"连锁破坏效应,并最终引起坚硬顶板冒落,造成地表大面积沉陷。

In order to study the large-scale subsidence causes in Datong Mining Area, the paper analyzed the different type subsidence occurred with different coal mining methods and summarized the large area roof failing features of the hard roof in Datong Area. Meanwhile, a simulation was conducted on the coal pillar stressed condition and the surface subsidence mechanism before the roof in the coal mining face failed down. The conclusion was as followings： When some coal pillars in the goaf lost the loading capacity, the above strata would pass the stress of the surrounding rock to the nearby coal pillars with certain loading capacity but not falling down yet. Then the nearby coal pillars would be failure and Cause ＂domino＂ linked failure effect. Finally, the hard roof would be failed down and a large scale surface subsidence occurred.