对我国单项运动协会实体化改革演进的思考

Evolution and contemplation of the reform to substantiate single event sports associations in China

改革开放以来我国单项运动协会实体化的改革按照其进程特点划分为4个阶段:以思想和理论探索为主的改革酝酿阶段;部分项目试行协会实体化的初步实验阶段;以足球改革为龙头、以运动项目管理中心为组织形式的实体化改革的试点与推广阶段;最终普遍采用的项目管理中心与协会合署办公的铺开与调整阶段。可以看出,协会实体化改革是经济体制改革与政府职能转变的必然结果,也是体育事业适应新形势和与国际接轨的必然要求;改革以自上而下的形式进行,呈现出渐进和反复的特点,在取得一定成效的同时,也面临着许多新的问题与挑战,主要包括协会的职能与定位模糊导致的效率低下,可能产生的权力寻租与腐败,各级地方和基层协会与俱乐部建设滞后,以及协会在大众体育与全民健身方面发挥的作用有限等。

The author reviewed and summarized the reform to substantiate single event sports associations in China since the reform and opening, and divided the reform to substantiate the associations into 4 stages according to characteristics of its development, namely, reform preparation stage that bases mainly on ideological and theoretical exploration, preliminary experiment stage in which some single event associations are substantiated on trial, experiment and popularization stage of the reform that bases its organization form on sports event management centers, as well as deployment and adjustment stage in which event management centers and offices joining with the associations are ultimately adopted universally. It is evident that the reform to substantiate the associations is the inevitable result of economic system reform and governmental function transformation, and also the inevitable re- quirement for the sports undertaking to adapt to the new situation and get on the track of international development. The reform is carded out in a way from the top to the bottom, showing characteristics of gradually processing and repeating, and, while making certain achievements, facing many new problems and challenges, which mainly include low efficiency caused by ambiguous association functions and orientation, possible power trade and corruption, lagged construction of local and fundamental associations and clubs, and limited roles played by the associations in terms of mass sport and nationwide fitness.