西非海岸盆地群油气勘探成果及勘探潜力分析

Hydrocarbon exploration achievements and exploration potential of coastal basins in West Africa

西非海岸盆地群包括塔尔法亚、塞内加尔、尼日尔三角洲、杜阿拉、里奥姆尼、加蓬、下刚果、宽扎、奥兰治、科特迪瓦、贝宁等11个主要沉积盆地，它们是冈瓦纳大陆裂解和中大西洋、南大西洋及赤道大西洋张开和漂移的结果，包括被动大陆边缘盆地和转换边缘盆地两种类型沉积盆地。通过利用IHS数据库资料，在系统总结西非海岸盆地群油气勘探成果基础上，划分其为早期勘探（1953年前）、储量快速增长（1954～1973年）、储量缓慢增长（1974～1994年）和深水勘探（1995年至今）四个油气勘探阶段，认为研究区油气发现主要与盆地勘探程度、油气勘探技术进步、资源国政治形势和全球经济有关；尼日尔三角洲和下刚果等重点盆地大油气田的发现直接推动了西非海岸盆地群油气储量和产量的增长；深水区是西非海岸盆地群今后寻找大发现的潜力区，而大陆架和陆上则是重点挖潜地区。

There are more than 11 sedimentary basins developed along the West Africa coast since Mesozoic, including Tarfaya, Senegal, Niger Delta, Douala, Rio Muni, Gabon, Lower Congo, Kwanza, Orange, Cote D＇ ivoire and Benin, all of them were developed as a result of Gondwana rifting and the drifting of South Atlantic plate, Central Atlantic plate and Equatorial Atlantic plate. These basins are divided into passive continental margin basin and transform margin basin. Based on IHS data, the hydrocarbon exploration achievements were systematically summarized and hydrocarbon exploration history was divided into 4 periods, which are early exploration stage （before 1953）, fast reserves increase stage （1954-1973）, low reserves increase stage （1974 -1994 ） and deep water exploration stage （since 1995）. The exploration discoveries were severely affected by the basin exploration degree, petroleum exploration, production technology development, local and global political and economic environment. The reserves and production growth of coastal basins in West Africa were mainly controlled by the giant field discoveries made in the Niger Delta and the Lower Congo Basin. Deep water region is the potential area for the future big discoveries and the continental shelf and onshore area are the main areas for future exploration.