珠江河口水体霍乱弧菌污染状况调查研究

Investigation on polluting situation of Vibrio cholerae in aquatic environment of Pearl River estuary

目的：了解珠江河口水体O1/O139群霍乱弧菌的污染情况,提出改善水体霍乱弧菌监测的建议,为采取针对性措施预防控制霍乱的发生和流行提供依据。方法：根据历年霍乱监测资料和疫点分布状况,在珠江水系广州段选择设立24个采样点,每月采集水体标本进行O1/O139群霍乱弧菌分离培养,对分离得到的阳性菌株进行血清分型、噬菌体-生物分型、PCR检测毒力基因、K-B法药敏试验。结果：2006年3月-2007年2月共采取862份水体样本,其中有67份检出O1或O139群霍乱弧菌,检出率为7.77%,血清型以O1群为主,尤以稻叶型占优;O1群菌株均为非流行株,2株O139群菌株检出ctx毒力基因;菌株耐药分析发现不同血清型菌株耐药谱有所差异。结论：O1/O139群霍乱弧菌在珠江河口水体环境中广泛存在,常年均可从水体中分离获得。必须加强环境水体及海水产品霍乱弧菌监测,及时了解其污染状况,以便采取针对性措施预防控制霍乱的发生和流行。

Objective：To konw polluting situation of the V.cholerae O1 and O139 in aquatic environment of the Pearl River estuary and to give the basis to make a directive measure to control and prevent the epidemic of Vibrio cholera.Methods：Twenty-four sampling points were set up alongside the Pearl River estuary in Guangzhou according to the historic surveillance data and the epidemic focus distribution.The V.cholerae O1 and O139 strains were isolated and cultured every month from the aquatic samples,and the strains isolated would be immediately analyzed about their serogroup,phage-biotyping,and the virulence gene ctx by PCR method and drug resistance by K-B method.Results：There were 67 aquatic samples in which we isolated and cultured the V.cholerae O1 and O139 strains from the 862 aquatic samples collected during March 2006 to February 2007.The isolating rate was 7.77%,and the main serogroup was V.cholerae O1（the Eltor Inaba is dominance）.All the V.cholerae O1 strains were non-epidemic strains,and 2 V.cholerae O139 strains were detected virulence gene ctx positive.Analysis of drug resistance suggested that different serotype strains had distinctive drug resistance.Conclusion：The V.cholerae O1 and O139 strains were perennial in the aquatic environment of the Peal River estuary.It＇s important to strengthen the surveillance of the V.cholerae O1 and O139 strains in aquatic environment and seafood,so we can get the message of the polluting situation in time and make effective measure to control and prevent the epidemic of the Vibrio cholera.